Genetic Engineering Essays (1125 words) - Biology, Genetics

Genetic Engineering In today's world, people are learning a great deal in the rapidly growing and developing fields of science and technology. Almost Each day, an individual can see or hear about new discoveries and advances in these fields of study. One very common topic that has been in the news and social talk of all people recently is what us human beings will be able to do through the development of science and technology in the future. The most heated and controversial of these topics that I notice is in the field of genetic testing and engineering in humans. Many people have wondered about whether the manipulation of human cells is somehow contrary to the laws of nature or religion especially in childbirth. "Genetic testing and gene therapy are at the forefront of medicine's future, according to experts in the field" (D'Allegro). There are many reasons why scientists want to learn more on the genetic make-up of humans. Currently, about one-third of the human genetic code has been sequenced through a federally funded effort known as the Human Genome Project, a study run by the National Institute of Health's Genome Research Institute, to code the entire human genetic map. Scientists are estimating that by 2003, the entire genetic code will be found and then they will be able to test for a wide variety of common disorders. Some of the main disorders the geneticists hope to cure are Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, muscular dystrophy, and diabetes, and by doing the research, they also hope to stumble onto vaccines and other cures for diseases. Quellet-2 One main type of genetic research in humans is the ability to clone. Scientists first have used this technique to clone body parts for people. This allows the scientists to take the patient's own genetic make-up and grow a part that he or she may need that will not be rejected by his or her own body. The next step the scientists have taken is in the area of eugenics, which means, "good breeding." This technique is defined as, "the science of improving the physical and mental qualities of human beings through genetics and cloning." Scottish geneticists first demonstrated this practice in 1997 with a sheep named Dolly that was produced from a cell of an adult female sheep. From this being the foundation of the research, scientists are hoping that in the future they will be able to better the human race genetically. Even though there could be many advantages in the field of human genetics, there are many ethical comments and questions raised by all types of people. The main point most scientists try to make is that by performing eugenics, the human race would be unbalanced (D'Allegro). They say that the genetic advances might be reserved only for the wealthy, which then would separate the classes of people even more than they already are today (D'Allegro). A second main point people raise on this issue is that by manipulating human genes, scientists are playing the role of god. Many people say that human life cannot be "intellectual property" (Fischer). Problems come when some scientists insist that the research be conducted using materials cut from living human embryos (Fischer). When asked why they perform this procedure, many say, "Because it's there" (Fischer). This Quellet-3 stirs up much controversy with people that think "creating" humans should be left as god's job. After researching the main points and facts from both sides of the issue, I strongly feel that human genetics is wrong. I agree with Mark Nicholls of the Movement Against the Cloning of Humans, which he stated that, "This is a very dangerous science and soon we may not even have control over our own DNA." I also think that individuals are special because god made every person different, and that by creating a race of people who are all equally talented defeats the purpose of god. While finding information on human genetics, I found a lot of facts that were never told to the public. One of these intriguing facts had to do with the cloned sheep named Dolly. It stated that members of the scientific team closely examined Dolly's chromosomes and found that even though she was only three years old, her genetic make-up appeared to be much older (Ramsay). This raised concerns that animals cloned would age faster and be more susceptible to disease than animals from normal birth (Ramsay). Another interesting and alarming fact on genetics was that scientists are only inches away from actually creating a whole human being. The

Free Essays on Security

Mike’s backpackers web site for is committed to maintaining a sociable online community where all the customer despite the gender, race, age and technical background feel at they are in a hassle-free and comfortable environment. To maintain this comfortable environment we have implemented polices and procedures that our users must agree and abide by. To continue apart of the friendly community members must be considerate to others. Repeated violations of these polices will result in the member being banned from reentering the community forum. These forums persuade an extensive variety of opinions. We want to maintain that the posts focused on the topic of the forum in which you are submitting your message. These topics range from equipment, trip locations, safety and travel advice. Each forum has a different topic, so what is appropriate in one forum or thread may not be appropriate in another. All inquiries are to be answered in the forums and not answered by email. We want everyone to be able to benefit from the replies and its content. If you do not hold the copyright trademark it is illegal to post any content that dose not have trademark or is copyrighted. You will need the authorization of the author or owner of the copyrighted material to be able to content that is protected by copyrights. You will not be able to include full text of news from another source or articles. We recommend that if you wish to post information about a previously written document that you copy and paste the link into the forum. You may paraphrase the document as long as you give the source so that the members can read for them selves. If you violate this policy you will be banned from this community forum. We do not want to post false information. We want to uphold our reputation and become a reliable source of information. Promotion, advertising, or solicitation for XXX adult or sexually explicit work IS NOT permitted. Images posted that con... Free Essays on Security Free Essays on Security Mike’s backpackers web site for is committed to maintaining a sociable online community where all the customer despite the gender, race, age and technical background feel at they are in a hassle-free and comfortable environment. To maintain this comfortable environment we have implemented polices and procedures that our users must agree and abide by. To continue apart of the friendly community members must be considerate to others. Repeated violations of these polices will result in the member being banned from reentering the community forum. These forums persuade an extensive variety of opinions. We want to maintain that the posts focused on the topic of the forum in which you are submitting your message. These topics range from equipment, trip locations, safety and travel advice. Each forum has a different topic, so what is appropriate in one forum or thread may not be appropriate in another. All inquiries are to be answered in the forums and not answered by email. We want everyone to be able to benefit from the replies and its content. If you do not hold the copyright trademark it is illegal to post any content that dose not have trademark or is copyrighted. You will need the authorization of the author or owner of the copyrighted material to be able to content that is protected by copyrights. You will not be able to include full text of news from another source or articles. We recommend that if you wish to post information about a previously written document that you copy and paste the link into the forum. You may paraphrase the document as long as you give the source so that the members can read for them selves. If you violate this policy you will be banned from this community forum. We do not want to post false information. We want to uphold our reputation and become a reliable source of information. Promotion, advertising, or solicitation for XXX adult or sexually explicit work IS NOT permitted. Images posted that con... Free Essays on Security Securing Your Network Securing Your Network Can a network be secure in today’s changing world? Why do we need network security? Does the network security process ever stop? These are the big three questions asked by corporate executives all the time. Companies want to feel safe and secure that their files are safe. With all the computer attacks in the news these days, it makes companies wonder if they will be the next targets. Network intrusion can spell disaster for many companies. There are many things we can do to protect our networks. A good security plan outlining basic security measures is needed for quick response and disaster recovery. Auditing, tracking and monitoring a network can show leaks and intrusions. Firewalls and other software and hardware appliances can help deter network intruders. Making use of the different types of encryption can reduce your exposure to invaders. There are many ways that hackers can get into a network. Network security is vital to protect financial data, inventory, customer information, research, and last but not least network privacy. Network security never stops; it is an ongoing task to protect our data from prying eyes. Keeping a network secure is a time-consuming process that requires a lot of attention to detail. Similar to troubleshooting faulty equipment, tracking down security breaches in the network and finding their cause requires tools made for the job and someone trained to use them. To have security practices that make sense you must first define a security policy that spells out exactly what can and cannot be done on the network. Intruders who might penetrate the network and compromise data and programs do so in many ways. One of those is to exploit naive users who are on the network. A good security policy that is enforced can provide better insurance against the naà ¯ve user giving access to someone outside that may do harm to the network. Other tas...

Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 11

Reflection - Essay Example Filing of the case as homicide is arguably inapt. I have specifically used the term ‘arguably’ because, the prima facie of the case is evident towards the assumption of homicide. The entire scenario would have turned upside down had Popeye died in the fight. A supportive argument can this way be placed. Bluto did not die in the fighting with his rival, Popeye. In fact, Popeye was about to swoon and staggered in the fight. The physical might of Bluto was really overpowering Popeye making him virtually inert to fight further. At this juncture, it is quite unimaginable to think of the death of the aggressor in the place of victim. Thus the cause of death of Bluto had to be reinvestigated who was effectually vigorous during the entire scene of fight and up to the time of his death. Assault was the crime committed by Olive on Bluto. Assault generally is a crime of violence involving the intent to cause physical injury that result in physical injury. In New York, assault without any weapon is a misdemeanor and that with the use of a weapon is felony. As such Olive’s act of criminality can be restricted to felony. Here the article 35.15 of New York may be read. The article clearly goes this way: â€Å"A person may, subject to the provisions of subdivision two, use physical force upon another person when and to the extent he reasonably believes such to be necessary to defend himself or a third person from what he reasonably believes to be the use or imminent use of unlawful physical force by such other person, unless: (a) the latter’s conduct was provoked by the actor himself with intent to cause physical injury to another person.†. Here, although the provoking of Olive to the Bluto’s aggressive conduct is seemingly apparent, the term à ¢â‚¬Ëœwith intent’ attracts the explanation of motive, which may not be legally required obligatory to defend the accused. Evidently, the motive of Olive was only to stop the

Intern as Revenue Manager Assistant from March 2009 to August 2009 At Coursework

Intern as Revenue Manager Assistant from March 2009 to August 2009 At The Grand City Hotel, Berlin - Coursework Example The internship provided me with an insight into my own weaknesses and deficiencies which I was unable to realize without being a part of a hotel practically. I particularly found how important it is for me to have an extraordinary control and expertise in the use of software particularly the spreadsheets. I also learned group skills. I found the considerable difference between academic learning and professional learning. My experience of internship has acquainted me with a lot of knowledge and skills that I could not learn in the college. Over six months, I have grown as a professional and have learned how to apply theoretical learning in practical situations. The internship helped me become well equipped with such a valuable experience that would be very helpful in my professional career after my graduation. My tenure at the Grand City Hotel has been a very enlightening experience. Table of Contents Contents Page No. Executive Summary 2 Introduction 4 - 6 a) About the Grand City Hot el b) Location of the Grand City Hotel c) Attractions for the guests d) Environment of the Grand City Hotel e) Services at the Grand City Hotel f) Objectives for the internship Description and Analysis 7 - 10 a) Methodology b) Results c) Recommendations to the company Learning experience 10 - 12 a) Personal development b) Challenges and Solutions c) Academic Learning vs Professional Learning Conclusion 13 References 14 Introduction a) About the Grand City Hotel The Grand City Hotel chain comprises more than 100 hotels all across Europe. The hotels guarantee a memorable experience at the best price. The location, attractions, environment, and services provided by the Grand City Hotel far outweigh the prices charged from the guests. b) Location of the Grand City Hotel The Grand City Hotel in Berlin is an exquisite resort for the travelers from all over the world who want to discover the German Main content and have some quality time on weekends or holidays. One of the main attractions of the Grand City Hotel in Berlin Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf is its location and surroundings. The Grand City Hotel is centrally located in Berlin and is at a short distance to many of the famous attractions that German has to offer, including the Messe Berlin, the renowned Kurfurstendamm, and the ICC (Grand City Hotels, n.d.). c) Attractions for the guests The Grand City Hotel Berlin provides the guests with easy access to the Berlin Zoo, galleries and shops, the German Opera Berlin, the KaDeWe department store, and the Kurfurstendamm. There is a variety of restaurants, clubs, and cafes near the Grand City Hotel in Berlin to satiate the cravings of the Night owls. The countless cultural attractions of Berlin make the Grand City Hotel a perfect resort for a longer stay. Among all cities of Germany, Berlin has probably the most to offer the tourists and visitors ranging from the Reichstag and the Brandenburger Tor to the variety of attractions in the local neighborhoods. Some of the most famous landmarks of Germany are located in the heart of Berlin and the guests can have them on walking distance from the Grand City Hotel.  Ã‚  

The most important elements of proper Communication in a job interview Essay

The most important elements of proper Communication in a job interview - Essay Example Similarly if you look away while listening it would show lack of interest and a rude and unethical behavior. Facial Expressions: Your facial expressions should be positive enough to encourage the employer for further communication. In case of nervousness do not try to be perceived as arrogant. A smiley face is appreciated everywhere. The employer should be aware of your gladness you have to meet him. You should not reveal a lethargic expression no matter how much exhausted and tiring you are. Posture: A good posture is a key symbol of a fine personality. One should stand straight, walk tall and sit tall. Shoulders should not be bended forward and there should be no slouching. Be sensitive to the body language of the other person. Any inconsistency between verbal and non-verbal behavior is significant and the non-verbal cues generally send the more accurate message as "action speaks louder than words". Gestures: Gestures should go along with your personality, and must be real. Do not use artificial gestures to highlight the importance of the issue. One should not use a speech with too many "uh's", "ur's"or "hms". Space: One should recognize the boundaries between personal space and that of others. If you are typical of most Americans, it ranges between 30 and 36 inches. Be prepared, however, not to back up or move away from someone who has a personal space that is smaller than your own. Hang in there, take a deep breath, and stand your ground. For most of us, merely the awareness of our personal space is enough to consciously prompt us to stand firm when speaking with someone. If you have a smaller than average personal space, make sure you keep your distance so that you do not intimidate someone who possesses a larger personal space. (The most important interview nonverbals, College Grad.com, themostimportantinterviewnonverbals.htm) Confidence- The key to success Be yourself. Confident people inspire confidence in others; one has to appear confident in order to make others realize that he is suitable enough to do the job. Interviewees are usually nervous and therefore they become self absorbed and self-conscious, which takes their attention off the job at hand and onto themselves. Be careful to avoid showing signs of nervousness such as scratching, drumming fingers, playing with a pen etc. Everyone possesses some weak points, which make the person loose his confidence at an interview. It is the aim of the prospective employer to play oral communication tricks to you and make you reveal all those weak points which are sufficient to make a person feel unconfident and insecure enough to perform the job, so no matter how weak you are, never impose yourself loose confidence in a job interview. (Impact Factory, Job Interview Techniques, http://www.impactfactory.com) Communication Skills Effective communication skills are needed in most jobs on an everyday basis, your tone should be refined and one should not talk too fast, slowly, loudly or softly. Verbal patterns should be followed like an impressive speech pattern, ability to act naturally, very focused and articulated thinking. It seems very unethical to interrupt the employer. Be attentive and

The War Of The Roses History Essay

The War Of The Roses History Essay The War of the Roses affected Englands throne for many years, thereby changing the outlook of the country. The War of the Roses was a civil war between the House of York and the House of Lancaster. This civil war impacted the whole country of England from its economy to the rule of that the English government had over England. The War of the Roses had such a big impact on England and lasted for thirty-three years from 1455 until the last battle in 1487. Because of the length of the war and all the different groups of English nobility being involved in the war, the War of the Roses became one of the most devastating wars to ever happen in the history of England. The War of the Roses was a war of several different battles between the House of York and the House of Lancaster which were the two major house of nobility of in England at the time. These two houses spent the whole thirty-three years of the War of the Roses fighting over the throne of England and who the throne should belong too, because the House of York did not like the way the Lancastrian house was ruling England. The House of Lancaster was started in 1267 and is referred to when talking about the English kings or nobility that were descended from John of Gaunt (Luminarium.com page 1). The Lancastrians were one of the wealthiest groups of nobility in England at the time until the begun the War of the Roses which severely weaken the whole House of Lancaster. Throughout the whole thirty-three years in the War of the Roses the House of Lancaster was only ruled by three different kings. Entering into the fifteenth century the Lancastrians were led by Henry IV who at the time was the King of England and he ruled for the first two years of the war. The rest of the War of the Roses the time was split between Henry V, and Henry VI. The majority of the war Henry VI or Henry VII was on the throne. Henry VI was a very weak ruler who did not do his Lancastrian people well because he suffered from a type of mental illness (Alison Weir page 122). This mental illness of Henry VI severely crippled the throne of England and he lost his power for some time since he was put in jail during that time period. He soon reclaimed his throne when he overcame his illness, but shortly after he became sick again and was taken over once more where he would end up dying in captivity. Henry VI after his death had no heir to the Lancastrian rule because his son had just lost his life seventeen days earlier in the Battle of Tewkesbury which ended the line of John of Gaunt which was the end of the House of Lancaster. The second party that was involved in the War of the Roses was the House of York. The House of York originates all the way back to the beginning of the War of the Roses. The Yorkist Party was only started in order to overthrow the House of Lancaster. Although the House of York was made just to oppose what the Lancastrians were doing it was very strict on who was allowed to be part of the Yorkist Party. Richard, the Duke of York, made thee Yorkist men to start his overthrow of the House of Lancaster in order to be on the throne of England and run the country the way he seemed fit. Richard, Duke of York, was part of the royal line in England who started the House of York because he opposed what Henry VI was doing on the throne (P.A. Johnson page 47). Richard, Duke of York, ruled under Henry VI while he was going through his mental issues but was not allowed to work higher in the government because Henry VI put other people in positions over him. Because Richard, Duke of York, for sever al years wanted to change the way of the government Henry VI had because he thought it was weak. With all of this new found courage Richard had this is when he decided to fight the bad advisors that he had made into personal enemies and forcibly took the throne of England (New Standard Encyclopedia page 111). Soon after Richard got all the Lords to agree on kicking Henry VI off of Englands throne in order for him to take control of England in order to turn England back into the country that it was before Henry VI took over. Even though Richard was denied positions before he became the Protector of England in the absence of Henry VI when he was captured. This brought the House of York into control of England while Richard was on the throne allowing them to make a big push for the total control of England and its entire government. The War of the Roses had some conflict between two houses that ended up being major parts of the English nobility system. The House of Lancaster and the House of York were the two houses that were the main reason behind the War of the Roses. The houses first began to have to conflict between each other when Richard, Duke of York, strongly disliked the way that Henry VI ,leader of the House of Lancaster at the time, was ruling England. With the House of York agreeing with Richard and the House of Lancaster was sticking up for the way Henry VI was ruling England which in turn was the beginning of the War of the Roses. May 22, 1455 was the day that marked the start of the War of the Roses. The fighting and battles in the war did not start for a couple of months after the House of York revolted and decided to take the House of Lancaster to war over the throne of England. With the start of this civil war both houses fought behind their leaders to make sure the throne of England belonged to the right house by the end of the War of the Roses. The start of the War of the Roses happened slower than how most wars in history because they did not start fighting until about two months after The House of York declared war on the Lancastrians. Once the fighting and battles started the amount on English noblemen in both the Lancastrians and Yorkist Houses begun to drop which was devastating. This was a very devastating time for both houses because they were losing their noblemen that were ruling and leading the troops. The length of the war of the roses played a huge factor in this considering that it lasted al most half a century which gave each house many opportunities to kill off the opposing noblemen in turn would weaken the other houses armies. The first battle in the War of the Roses started in 1455 and it was the first Battle of St. Albans. The first Battle of St. Albans was fought twenty-two miles away from London and was Richard, Duke of Yorks, first battle against the House of Lancaster. In this battle Henry VI was captured for the first time and was made the Constable of England (History.com page 2). The House of Lancasters army was the first to enter the town of St. Albans with their two thousand troops. The Lancastrian troops were set up in all the major entrance of the city ready to defend the city for the Yorkist troops. The Yorkist forces set up camp with their three thousand soldiers east of St. Albans in the city of Keyfield. For the several hours in the beginning of the battle both houses tried to negotiate terms in order for the fighting not to happen. Although negotiations were happening Richard, Duke of York, tired from waiting for the fighting to start said, I am not made of stone and with that they began to fight. With this sudden strike from the Yorkist troops the Lancastrian forces were caught off guard and were defeated in the first Battle of St. Albans. With the Yorkist troops quick offensive attack in the first battle of St. Albans it gave them the victory in the battle (Britannica.com page 1). Although the forces from the House of Lancaster were caught off guard by the attack the House of York still lost a very large amount of troops in this first battle. The Yorkist troops although losing one of their major Yorkist leaders had another upside to the win over the Lancastrian troops; they captured Henry VI and took control over the throne of England giving them an advantage for the rest of the war. The next major battle in the War of the Roses was the Battle of Wakefield. This battle being the next major battle in the War of the Roses did not take place until five years after the first Battle of St. Albans. The Battle of Wakefield took place at the Sandal Castle on December 21, 1460. The Yorkist troops were not well prepared for this battle because the Lancastrians forces were the ones to attack quickly this time in the battle which caused remaining Yorkist troops to flee from the Sandal Castle. The Battle of Wakefield was not a lengthy battle at all because of how swiftly the House of Lancasters troops attacked. The battle lasted from December 21 through December 31 which was the day the Yorkist troops fled Sandal Castle. This battle took the lives of about two thousand Yorkist troops but on the other side the House of Lancaster only lost about seven hundred troops (J.R. Lander page 69). The Yorkist troops were completely over powered in this battle with the amount of causalities that each of the houses ended up losing. The greatest casualty in the Battle of Wakefield was the death of Richard, Duke of York, but his death did not ensure the victory at Wakefield it just help the House of Lancaster a great amount which was the last push the gave them this overwhelming victory. With the House of Lancaster completely demolishing the House of York in the Battle of Wakefield they easily won the battle. In this win the Lancastrian troops managed to kill Richard, Duke of York, along with most of the Yorkist troops. With this victory the House of Lancaster made their charge to in taking over the English government once again. The Second battle of St. Albans was the third major battle in the War of the Roses. This battle did not take long to begin after the Battle of Wakefield, because this battle started on February 21, 1461 only one year after. The battle took place in the same location as the First Battle of St. Albans except this time the Yorkist troops were lead into battle by Earl of Warwick since Richard, Duke of York, died in the last battle. The Second Battle of St. Albans only lasted for about a month and ended on March 2, 1461. The Lancastrian and Yorkist troops both suffered a large amount of casualties in this battle with the Lancastrians losing two thousand troops and the Yorkist losing four thousand troops. With each side losing close to the same amount of troops this battle was one of the bloodiest battles in the War of the Roses. Even with both sides being on the same level in this battle the deciding factor that helped the House of York overcome the Lancastrians was when they recaptured the mentally ill Henry VI and some of his other noblemen. With Henry VI recaptured and the Yorkist forces fighting well in the Second Battle of St. Albans the House of York came out with the victory in the battle. The battle was very close and well fought by both house but with the Lancastrian forces losing Henry VI who was King of England and leader of their troops helped give the Yorkist troops the slight advantage they needed to beat the Lancastrian army. With Henry VI being in the hands of the House of York this allowed Earl of Warwick to be put on the throne of England thus becoming the new king of England. Earl of Warwick with his new place on the throne helped the House of York take full control over England. The second to last major battle in the War of the Roses was the Battle of Towton. The Battle of Towton started on March 29, 1461 shortly after the Battle of Warwick. This battle took place in the village of Towton which was part of the city of Yorkshire. At the time in the city of Yorkshire there was a snow storm that caused many problems for most of the troops from both the Yorkist and Lancastrian forces. The Battle of Towton lasted for about of month but in that month over 28,000 troops from both the House of York and House of Lancaster were killed (Robin Neillands page 223). With the largest amount of troops dead in the Battle of Towton it is said to be the, Bloodiest Battle to ever take place on English soil. The battle was very gruesome and gory with Lancastrian soldiers having to retreat from the opposing troops in bloody meadows flinging off their armor in order to try and escape faster so they can save their lives (J.P. Sommerville page 2). The Battle of Towton is the bloodiest battle in the War of the Roses and even though the vast majority of the troops were killed the House of York won the battle. With the victory at the Battle of Wakefield before this battle it gave the Yorkist troops the confidence needed to pull through and win the battle. The Yorkist troops were now in complete control of England and all of its government with this victory at Towton giving the House of York the edge still over the House of Lancaster in the War of the Roses. This victory also wiped out all of the Lancastrian forces that were in northern England which was something that would aid the House of York if the Yorkist army were to win the war (Web.cn.edu page 1). The last and deciding battle in the War of the Roses was the Battle of Stoke Field. The Battle of Stoke Field started on June 16, 1487 which was twenty-six years after the previous major battle in the War of the Roses. This battle would be the last time both houses would fight each other for the throne of England. This battle being the last stand for both the Yorkist and Lancastrian force had a no quarter policy which meant that there will be no one left standing and that this battle would be a fight to the bitter end. With the battle being a fight to the end both sides lost a grand total of seven thousand soldiers with the Yorkist losing 4,000 soldiers and the Lancastrians losing 3,000 soldiers (Historyextra.com page 1). Even with the slim amount of troops lost between the two sides the Lancastrians with the help of Henry of Tudor would come out with the victory over the House of York and also getting the most important win which was the complete victory in the War of the Roses. The Battle of Stoke Field had a major impact on the War of the Roses because it was the deciding victory that gave the House of Lancaster complete control over all of England and the English government. The leader of the Lancastrian forces Henry of Tudor became Henry VII the new king of England and he married Elizabeth of York which united the House of Lancaster and the House of York. With the new united houses there was nothing to t keep fighting over because the house were united and collaborating together to lead England the right way. Although the houses were united people who used to be part of the House of York still tried to revolt against the new English government but none of their attempts to overtake the throne were successful. These small militias were soon dismembered by the English government so now more revolts could happen. The War of the Roses had no great impact on the country of England. The battles caused some destruction on cities throughout England no major cities were destroyed. Most of the land that was destroyed was very little and did not affect the people of the city the land was destroyed in. The War of the Roses was not a very destructive war it only killed off most of the English nobility which left the government in England a little weak and in need of some noblemen. The impact the War of the Roses had on the throne of England was tremendous in that the whole time during the war the throne had someone different one it throughout the entirety of the war. The English throne had many rulers during the war which left the country very unstable throughout the War of the Roses until Henry of Tudor took the throne. With Henry of Tudor now on the throne the country of England could get back to its original state. In conclusion the War of the Roses was a war that had a very strong effect on England and its future as a country. The war set the path for the start of the English reformation which would change how the world would view England. If it was not for the War of the Roses the England would still be the same as it was before the war and all the art, music and other things that came out of the English Reformation would never have existed.

The Situation In Ireland :: European Europe History

The Situation In Ireland "But who are we that we should hesitate to die for Ireland. Are not the claims of Ireland greater on us than any personal ones? Is it fear that deters us from such an enterprise? Away with such fears. Cowards die many times, the brave only die once." Padraic Pearse (rebellion leader), 1916 (The New Republic, 34) Pearse's words, spoken just before the Easter rebellion, summarizes many Irish feelings toward rebellion for independence. In order to gain freedom from the British, revolutionaries were willing to sacrifice anything, even their lives. For centuries, the Irish had been part of the vast British empire and for most of that time, they struggled to obtain their sovereignty. Numerous events sparked this discontent in Ireland in the early 20th century. At the top of their list of grievances was the political treatment of the Irish. The Irish parliament was highly inadequate and inefficient with no real power to represent the people (The Outlook, pg 116). Additionally, Britain governed Ireland in the same manner that it governed all of its territories; it ruled according to what would best serve Great Britain, not the territory. For example, Ireland's commerce was discouraged and their manufacturing was paralyzed by British legislation (The Outlook, pg 116). Religious treatment of Roman Cat holics also angered the Irish. A large number of Irish were (and still are) Catholic and were repressed in many ways by English legislature. They were expected to pay taxes to support the Established Church of England, which gave Catholics no services. Furthermore, Britain forbade Catholics from providing education for their own children. Catholics could not be teachers and parents could not send their children abroad for education without forfeiture of their property and citizenship (The Outlook, pg 117). Although these actions by the British government infuriated the Irish, the new wave of rebellion actually began again in 1914 with the British government's repeal of the recently enacted Home Rule Bill, which gave the Irish some measure of political autonomy. These feelings came to a peak on Easter Monday, April 24, 1916 in the Irish capital of Dublin when approximately 1500 men, led by Pearse, seized the post office and other strategic points. These men were members of the Citizen Army, an illegal force of Dublin citizens organized by labor leader Jim Larkin and socialist James Connolly. From here, they established themselves in military fashion by erecting barricades of sandbags and closing off the streets with barbed wire.

Most and Least Important Factors in the Outbreak of Ww1

Which was the most important and least important factor in the outbreak of the First World War? In my opinion, the most important cause of the First World War was the Alliance System. By 1914, the main powers in Europe had been divided into two groups. These were: The Triple Alliance – Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy, and The Triple Entente – Britain, France and Russia. Although the point of creating these alliances was to avoid war, they meant that any conflict that broke out would increase in scale immediately because the other countries had to support them. The main rivalries were Germany and France over the capture of Alsace-Lorraine, Russia and Austria over the Balkans, and Britain and Germany over their navies and economic power. The Alliance System created a lot of competition between the rival countries, and possibly even the allies themselves, because, naturally, they all wanted to be the most powerful and influential in their group. This just increased the tension between everyone and strengthened each side for the inevitable war. On the other hand, I think the least important cause of the war was the Arms Race. The growing divide in Europe (caused by the Alliance System) had led to an arms race between the main countries. The French and German armies had more than doubled their forces, and all nations were making plans for war. The German Count Alfred von Schlieffen had come up with the Schlieffen Plan, which was to fight France and defeat them within six weeks, and then to turn back and defeat Russia. Unfortunately for them, they relied too much on hoping Russia would take more than six weeks to mobilise, which didn’t happen. Also, as the Germans went through Belgium to get into France, Belgium had a treaty with Britain which meant Britain automatically got involved. Austria was intimidated by Russia and needed Germany to succeed in defeating France, so they could then help them in fighting Russia. Russia had potentially millions of soldiers. This made them very powerful because they could overwhelm the opposition with sheer numbers, although they would have needed Britain’s industrial help because they were badly-equipped. France had a large, well equipped army. They had a plan called Plan 17. This was to charge across the frontiers and deep into Germany, forcing them to surrender. Britain was closely but secretly in collaboration with the French. They set up the BEF (British Expeditionary Force), which was 150,000 highly trained soldiers that could go and support France at any time. Although the Arms Race seems to have developed the preparations for war from each country, I don’t think that it actually caused any more problems between the countries. At this point, war was seen as inevitable and all the nations could do was prepare for what was to come as best as they could.

Free Essays on Team Company

Introduction Cisco Systems, Inc. is the worldwide leader in networking for the Internet. Cisco's Internet Protocol-based (IP) networking solutions are the foundation of the Internet and most corporate, education, and government networks around the world. Cisco is famous for its routers and switches that link networks and power the Internet. It also makes network access servers and management software. Although the company is very young, it has achieved an enormous growth in the last decade. The computer networking industry is an extremely fast paced business. Technology is constantly evolving, forcing companies to come up with more innovative products. The customers are well informed about the market and very demanding. They can easily switch from Cisco to one of the numerous competitors. The competition is very tough with more companies moving into the networking industry. However, the rewards are far greater than risks: in 1998, Cisco had net income of more than $1 billion and was growing at 3 1% rate. The success of the company was due to the groundbreaking research and development, exceptional marketing and excellent staffing. Identified Relevance of Innovation Perhaps the most important strength Cisco has is the Globally Networked Business. This is a mixture of programs that permits the company to converse online with their stakeholders. At any time, employees, partners, customers, and suppliers are able to retrieve online information. In 1997, the company was able to avoid spending $250 million due to the Globally Networked Business application. This strength could be the basis of an ongoing competitive advantage if the company could develop a way to construct the process for current and prospective clients. The Globally Networked Business has the capability of giving Cisco a sustainable competitive advantage in the industry. To stay on top, Cisco must constantly develop and improve its products and services. The major ... Free Essays on Team Company Free Essays on Team Company Introduction Cisco Systems, Inc. is the worldwide leader in networking for the Internet. Cisco's Internet Protocol-based (IP) networking solutions are the foundation of the Internet and most corporate, education, and government networks around the world. Cisco is famous for its routers and switches that link networks and power the Internet. It also makes network access servers and management software. Although the company is very young, it has achieved an enormous growth in the last decade. The computer networking industry is an extremely fast paced business. Technology is constantly evolving, forcing companies to come up with more innovative products. The customers are well informed about the market and very demanding. They can easily switch from Cisco to one of the numerous competitors. The competition is very tough with more companies moving into the networking industry. However, the rewards are far greater than risks: in 1998, Cisco had net income of more than $1 billion and was growing at 3 1% rate. The success of the company was due to the groundbreaking research and development, exceptional marketing and excellent staffing. Identified Relevance of Innovation Perhaps the most important strength Cisco has is the Globally Networked Business. This is a mixture of programs that permits the company to converse online with their stakeholders. At any time, employees, partners, customers, and suppliers are able to retrieve online information. In 1997, the company was able to avoid spending $250 million due to the Globally Networked Business application. This strength could be the basis of an ongoing competitive advantage if the company could develop a way to construct the process for current and prospective clients. The Globally Networked Business has the capability of giving Cisco a sustainable competitive advantage in the industry. To stay on top, Cisco must constantly develop and improve its products and services. The major ...

Phosphate-Buffered Saline or PBS Solution

Phosphate-Buffered Saline or PBS Solution PBS or phosphate-buffered saline is a buffer solution that is particularly valuable because it mimic the ion concentration, osmolarity, and pH of human body fluids. In other words, its isotonic to human solutions, so its less likely to cause cell damage, toxicity,  or unwanted precipitation in biological, medical, or biochemical research. PBS Chemical Composition There are several recipes to prepare PBS solution. The essential solution contains water, sodium hydrogen phosphate, and sodium chloride. Some preparations contain potassium chloride and potassium dihydrogen phosphate. EDTA may also be added in cellular preparation to prevent clumping. Phosphate-buffered saline is not ideal for use in solutions that contain divalent cations (Fe2, Zn2) because precipitation may  occur. However, some PBS solutions do contain calcium or magnesium. Also, keep in mind phosphate may inhibit enzymatic reactions. Be particularly aware of this potential disadvantage when working with DNA. While PBS is excellent for physiological science, be aware the phosphate in a PBS-buffered sample may precipitate if the sample is mixed with ethanol. A typical chemical composition of 1X PBS has a final concentration of  10 mM PO43−, 137 mM NaCl, and 2.7 mM KCl. Heres the final concentration of reagents in the solution: Salt Concentration (mmol/L) Concentration (g/L) NaCl 137 8.0 KCl 2.7 0.2 Na2HPO4 10 1.42 KH2PO4 1.8 0.24 Protocol  for Making Phosphate-Buffered Saline Depending on your purpose, you may prepare 1X, 5X, or 10X PBS. Many people simply purchase PBS buffer tablets, dissolve them in distilled water, and adjust the pH as needed with hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide. However, its easy to make the solution from scratch. Here are recipes for 1X and 10X phosphate-buffered saline: Reagent Amountto add (1) Final concentration (1) Amount to add (10) Final concentration (10) NaCl 8 g 137 mM 80 g 1.37 M KCl 0.2 g 2.7 mM 2 g 27 mM Na2HPO4 1.44 g 10 mM 14.4 g 100 mM KH2PO4 0.24 g 1.8 mM 2.4 g 18 mM Optional: CaCl22H2O 0.133 g 1 mM 1.33 g 10 mM MgCl26H2O 0.10 g 0.5 mM 1.0 g 5 mM Dissolve the reagent salts in 800 ml distilled water.Adjust the pH to the desired level with hydrochloric acid. Usually this is 7.4 or 7.2. Use a pH meter to measure the pH, not pH paper or other imprecise technique.Add distilled water to achieve a final volume of 1 liter. Sterilization and Storage of PBS Solution Sterilization isnt necessary for some applications, but if your are sterilizing it, dispense the solution into aliquots and autoclave for 20 minutes at 15 psi (1.05 kg/cm2) or use filter sterilization. Phosphate-buffered saline may be stored at room temperature. It may also be refrigerated, but 5X and 10X solution may precipitate when cooled. If you must chill a concentrated solution, first store it at room temperature until you are certain the salts have completely dissolved. If precipitation does occur, warming the temperature will bring them back into solution. Shelf life of refrigerated solution is 1 month. Diluting a 10X Solution to Make 1X PBS 10X is a concentrated or stock solution, which may be diluted to make a 1X or normal solution. A 5X solution must be diluted 5 times to make a normal dilution, while a 10X solution must be diluted 10 times. To prepare a 1 liter working solution of 1X PBS from a 10X PBS solution, add 100 ml of the 10X solution to 900 ml of water. This only changes the concentration of the solution, not the gram or molar amount of the reagents. The pH should be unaffected.   PBS Versus DPBS Another popular buffer solution is Dulbeccos phosphate buffered saline or DPBS. DPBS, like PBS, is used for biological research and buffers in the 7.2 to 7.6 pH range. It can be stored at room temperature. Dulbeccos solution contains a lower concentration of phosphate. It is 8.1 mM mM phosphate ions, while regular PBS is 10 mM phosphate.  The recipe for 1x DPBS is: Reagent Amount to add (1x) NaCl 8.007 g KCl 0.201 g Na2HPO4 1.150 g KH2PO4 0.200 g Optional: CaCl22H2O 0.133 g MgCl26H2O 0.102 g Dissolve the salts in 800 mL of water. Adjust pH to 7.2 to 76 using hydrochloric acid. Adjust the final volume to 1000 mL with water. Autoclave at 121 °C for 20 minutes. Sources Dulbecco, R.; et al. (1954). Plaque formation and isolation of pure lines with poliomyelitis viruses. J. Exp. Med. 99 (2): 167–182.Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS. Cold Spring Harbor Protocols (2006). Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.

Communicating the Truth about Smoking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Communicating the Truth about Smoking - Essay Example To this end, a pile of body bags are used to represent a number of people who die daily in the United States. In addition to that, the A.L.F, have used dolls with writings on them that educate people about the dangers of smoking. Furthermore, they have created printed advertisements educating teens about smoking. The second step pertains to the medium of transmission. In effect, the ALF has used several medium of transmission to convey their message. This evident in the visual medium that depicts the advertisement of body bags representing a number of deaths. It was a part of innovative television campaign. Moreover, the ALF used written channels through printed advertisements for sensitizing the teens on smoking. In addition to that, they used audio channel by sponsoring a radio show by the name truth-fm. The third step involved the decoding process. To this end, the receiver translates the message to make sense. This step of communication occurred when the teens understood the adverts. Moreover, the high school girl, Katie confessed that smoking appeared to be reserved for adults and was forbidden among teens. The last step of the communication process was related to feedback. Evidently, it is the response from the receiver to the sender. Consequently, it occurred in the process of teaching teens about smoking. Evidently, the A.L.F Chief Executive Officer testified that after one year of the campaign, 75 percent of the teens were in a capacity to accurately describe at least one of the adverts. Moreover, 90 percent of the teens said the adverts were convincing. Therefore, through this feedback it was evident that the teens responded well to the campaign against smoking. against smoking. 2. Show how ALF is using oral, written, electronic, and nonverbal communication The ALF has used several media to convey their message. This was through oral, written, non-verbal communication and electronics. Foremost, they have used television and radio as a form of electronics media. This was whereby they sponsored a hip-hop radio show known as truth- fm. Moreover, electronic media were evident in the production of television commercials that showed dozens of crawling baby dolls with a message on their shirts. In addition to that, ALF reached teens through the internet website that attracts over 8000 people daily. As non-verbal media, the ALF used body bags to show the number of daily deaths that occurred in the United States. Moreover, written media were evident when ALF printed adverts for publications meant for teens. In addition to that, they used oral communication by conducting grassroots activities whereby the youths orally convinced peer youths about the d angers of smoking. Furthermore, they organized concerts which were attended by millions of people. 3. In your opinion, why is ALF successful when other organizations sending the same basic message are not? Is there anything ALF could do to increase its effectiveness? The ALF has been successful because of how they innovatively packaged their message in a manner that the teens could associate with it. Moreover, the teens felt like the truth campaign was in sync with their emotional feelings. Evidently, they saw it as a reason to rebel against authority as a way to assert their independence. However, it is

History and Development of W Retreat & Spa Case Study

History and Development of W Retreat & Spa - Case Study Example He was responsible for looking after the music affairs of the resort. In 2011, the resort appointed Marcus Reinders as the Managing Director of the resort, Mauro Gomez as the Chef Executive, Jennà © Lombardo as the Fashion Director of the resort and Joseph Boroski as the Director of Cocktail Culture. The resort was voted as the best by Lonely Planet Magazine in 2012. Nikolaj Retpen replaced Mauro Gomez as the Chef Executive and DJ Truck was appointed as the resident DJ of the resort (Etihad Holidays, 2012).   W Retreat & Spa – the Maldives, cast away in the blue waters of the Indian Ocean, lies dexterously in the immaculate beauty of Fesdu Island. With a perfect weather, as well as a never-ending sunshine, the spa is an ideal water sports playground and retreat (Flyer Talk, 2009). Below the surface of the hotel lie clear waters where residents can observe sea turtles as well as the starfish poses, whereby they can take pictures. From Malà ©, the capital city of the Maldives, people must fly in a seaplane in order to reach the small Fesdu Island. The luxurious resort is a small but jawdroppingly picturesque 25-minute seaplane journey from the town of Malà ©. Unlike many island spas, the travelers are lucky there are no such things as bridges because, apart from the guests and staff of the spa, this part of Indian Ocean is uninhabited. However, people should make no mistake as taking a trip to this tropical heaven is far from roughing it. The hotel’s bi-level beachfront rooms roost on soft sand. The rooms also have a constant supply of warm water taken straight from the Indian Ocean. It also includes smart amenities such as sundecks, private plunge pools along with outdoor rainforest showers. All these were made possible by the fact that the hotel is surrounded by an ocean (Asia Web Direct, 2013).